Veer Savarkar was a freedom fighter, social reformer, writer, and political thinker. Read on to learn more about the life and legacy of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar.
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was known by the prefix "Veer" among his followers.
Savarkar has published books defending him.full indian independencewith revolutionary means.
He was an important figure in theHindu Mahasabha, a political organization in India.
Savarkar advocated the idea of India as Hindu Rashtra and popularized the term "Hindutva" (formerly coined by Chandranath Basu) to create a collective “Hindu” identity as the essence of India.
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Early life of Veer Savarkar
Birth: 28. May 1883
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was born in Bhagur near Nashik, present-day Maharashtra. He was born to Damodar and Radhabai Savarkar in a Marathi Chitpavan Brahmin family. He had three other brothers Ganesh, Narayan and Mainabai Savarkar.
Education:
He completed his Bachelor of Arts at Fergusson College in Pune.
After graduation, Savarkar went to England to study law, where he livedindian house, a place frequented by nationalists and political activists.
they helped him with itShyamji Krishna Varmago to England to continue his studies. There he enrolled at Gray's Inn Law College.
Veer Savarkar's professional and political life
He was greatly inspired by leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal, as well as the protests against the Partition of Bengal and the Swadeshi movement.
He was a staunch patriot, involved in political activities in high school and college, and was drawn to radical views and movements. He and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar founded a secret society called'Mitra Mela'they1899what later became"Sociedad Abhinav Bharat"they1904.
emLondon, founded theFree Society of IndiaWithFrau Bhikaji CamaOrganize students to fightindian independencethrough a revolution.
Savarkar was a friend and guide toMadan Lal Dhingrawho murdered Curzon Wyllie, a British Army officer. Although Dhingra was executed by the British, Savarkar continued with the new revolution.
The history of the Indian War of Independence
1909:At that time I was writing a book."The History of the Indian War of Independence".
It was Veer Savarkar who gave the first namerebellion of 1857 the first war of independence. He described the British government as unfair and oppressive.
The book was banned by the British, howeverFrau Bhikaji Camahe published the book in the Netherlands, Germany, and France, which eventually gained popularity among many Indian revolutionaries.
During this period he also led an armed revolt against the Morley-Minto reforms.
arrest and clemency petitions
em1910Savarkar was arrested and sentenced to be extradited to India for his connections to the revolutionary group India House.
After his return to India, Savarkar was sentenced to two life sentences totaling 50 years and in 1911 he was transferred to the cell prison in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
He filed several petitions for clemency and national leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Tilak also called for his release.
em1921,He was transferred to a prison in Ratnagiri and then to the prisonYerwada Prisonin the highlands
He was released in 1924, but was unable to leave Ratnagiri or enter politics for five years.
fundamentals of hindutva
While imprisoned in Ratnagiri prison in 1922, he wrote his"Fundamentals of Hindutva"who formulated his theory of Hindutva.
He was a self proclaimed atheist but a staunch believer in Hindutva and believed that all religions are equal and can come together to form religion.Akhand Bharat (India United or Great India).
He later joined Tilak's Swaraj party and delivered thought-provoking patriotic speeches against the British government. As a result, the British government withdrew his B.A. Degree.
He defended the mission.Hindi as a national language. She also fought against it.Untouchability and caste-based discrimination.
Savarkar's contributions as a social reformer
Savarkar built Patit Pavan Mandir in Ratnagiri district to allow entry for all Hindus including Dalits.
The rigid caste system, according to Savarkar, "deserves to be thrown in the dustbin of history."
Savarkar wanted to break away from caste-based professional rigidities and encourage people to pursue any vocation of their choosing based on their aptitude and ability. In the absence of competitive motivation or lack of aptitude, Savarkar believed, "simply following what the father did makes one become complacent and unproductive."
Savarkar wanted to break the table taboo between the castes. He had said: “Religion is in the heart, in the soul, in the spirit; not the stomach!” He also encouraged inter-caste marriage.
Veer Savarkar wanted to make Vedic literature known to everyone, not just a specific caste. He called Vedic literature knowledge of civilization for all mankind and India's unique gift to mankind.
Savarkar believed in global mobility and the need for Indians to venture into foreign lands to "bring back the best of the world and spread the scent of India and its culture to every corner of the world."
Veer Savarkar stressed the need to develop a scientific temperament. "We are 200 years behind Europe," he commented, adding: "Through science, modern thinking and industrialisation, we can ensure that every man and woman in India has a job to do, food to wear, clothes to do and more to do... "live happier".
Savarkar and Hindu Mahasabha
em1937,Savarkar became the president of the Hindu Mahasabha (until 1943).
It was founded in 1933 by Veer Damodar Savarkar, Lala Lajpat Rai and Madan Mohan Malviya.
The organization was formed to protect the rights of the Hindu community after the founding of theAll India Muslim League in 1906and the creation of a separate Muslim constituency by the British India government as part of the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909.
Savarkar, as the Chairman of the Hindu Mahasabha, decided to support the British war effort in India in seeking military training for the Hindus.Second World War.
The slogan is gap"Hinduize all politics and militarize Hinduism."
Opposite attitude during the Quit India movement
Under Savarkar, the Hindu Mahasabha openly rejected the callLeave India movementand officially boycotted it. He urged all members of the Hindu Sabha in the government to support the British government.
Hindu Mahasabha also opposed Gandhi's attempt to hold talks with Jinnah in 1944. Savarkar heavily attacked the British and Congress for making concessions to Muslim separatists.
After Congress ministers resigned in protest of Linlithgow's decision to drag India into World War II without their consultation, the Hindu Mahasabha under President Savarkarjoined the Muslim Leagueand other governing parties in certain provinces such as Sindh, NWFP and Bengal.
The theory of "two nations in one country".
Introducing the theory of "two nations in one country", he suggested that Hindus and Muslims, though different, could bury their differences and unite over India.
Therefore, he opposed the INC accepting the partition of India.Supervision:The two nations theory adopted by Jinnah was given by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
The assassination of Mahatma Gandhi: indictment and acquittal
em1948,was charged with conspiracy to murderMahatma Gandhi.
Nathuram GodseHe was a member of the Hindu Mahasabha and a prolific follower of Savarkar's ideas.
However, Savarkar was later cleared of the charges due to lack of evidence.
India and Savarkar after independence
After Gandhiji's assassination, he came under constant public scrutiny.
He too was later arrested by the government for making "Hindu nationalist speeches" but was released after agreeing to give up his political activities. Furthermore, he elaborated on the social and cultural elements of Hindutva.
Following the death of his wife in 1963, Savarkar stopped consuming food, water, and medicine from February 1966. In his opinion, it was better to give up life when it was no longer useful to society than to wait for death.
he died insideFebruary 26, 1966due to health problems.
Veer Savarkar Legacy:
Savarkar was the first political leader to set India's independence as a goal in 1900. Almost immediately after entering college, he began organizing and spreading his anti-British and revolutionary ideas through his efficient speaking and writing skills.
He was also known asSwantantryaveer oder Veer Savarkarwho was won over by his courageous behavior.
He was a supporter of aunited indiaone that was inclusive and diverse: an India that was an organic outgrowth of all its diverse cultures. He believed in the idea of inclusion to mobilize the Indian masses.
Savarkar also openly welcomed them."machine age"and warned Indian leaders to learn from Europe's mistakes.
His futuristic approach to Indian cinema was also commendable. He believed in the innovative spirit of the human mind.
Although his ideology on Hindu Rashtra and Hindutva is disputed, Savarkar's ideas on modernity, social and religious reform, cultivating a scientific temperament, and adopting technological tools to build a new India remain relevant.
His other literary works include:
- Six glorious epochs in Indian history
- My mode of transportation for life
- kale
- 1857 Che Svatantrya Samar
- Maazi Janmathep
- Moplyanche Banda (about the 1921 Moplah rebellion)
- Hindu Rashtra Darshan